Many criminals commit further crimes after they have been released from prison. What do you think are the causes of this? What possible solutions can you suggest?

    Many criminals continue to commit crimes after being released from prison. In my opinion, this happens because they lack proper rehabilitation and support after their release. This essay will discuss the causes of reoffending and suggest possible solutions to this problem.

    One cause of reoffending is the lack of effective rehabilitation programs in prisons. Many prisoners do not receive the education or job training needed to find employment after their release. Without these skills, it is hard for them to support themselves, and they may turn back to crime. For example, a study in the United States showed that over 60% of former prisoners were unemployed one year after their release. This high unemployment rate increases the chances of reoffending. Additionally, many former prisoners have untreated mental health issues or substance abuse problems, which can also lead to reoffending.

    To reduce reoffending, prisons should implement comprehensive rehabilitation programs. These programs should include education, job training, and counseling to help prisoners gain the skills they need to succeed outside of prison. For instance, Norway has a strong focus on rehabilitation and has one of the lowest reoffending rates in the world. Their prison system provides extensive support to help former prisoners reintegrate into society. Additionally, there should be better support for former prisoners after their release. This can include halfway houses, job placement services, and ongoing counseling. Community programs that involve former inmates in support groups can also be very helpful.

   In conclusion, reoffending happens mostly because there are not enough good programs in prisons to help prisoners learn new skills, and there is not enough support for them after they are released. TTo address these issues, it's crucial to improve the rehabilitation programs in prisons and offer ongoing support after prisoners are released. By doing this, we can help former prisoners rejoin society and avoid committing crimes again.

Some people think that in order to produce a happy society, it is necessary to ensure that there is only a small difference between the earnings of the richest and the poorest. To what extend do you agree or disagree?

    Many people believe that a happy society can be achieved by reducing the income gap between the richest and the poorest. I agree with this view to a certain extent because a smaller income gap can lead to a more equitable society and reduce social tensions.

    One reason why a smaller income gap can lead to a happier society is that it promotes fairness. When there is a huge difference in earnings, it can create feelings of injustice and resentment among those who earn less. This sense of unfairness can lead to social unrest and a lack of trust in institutions. For example, in countries with significant income disparities, such as the United States, there are often higher levels of crime and social conflict compared to countries with more equal income distribution, like Sweden. By ensuring that the difference between the richest and the poorest is not too large, societies can foster a sense of fairness and social harmony.

    Another reason to support a smaller income gap is that it can improve overall economic stability and growth. When wealth is concentrated in the hands of a few, the majority of people have less purchasing power, which can limit economic growth. In contrast, a more equal income distribution can lead to higher levels of consumption and demand for goods and services, which benefits the economy as a whole. For instance, a 2019 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report found that countries like Germany and Canada, which implemented policies to reduce income inequality, experienced stronger and more inclusive economic growth compared to those that did not. 

    In conclusion, reducing the income gap between the richest and the poorest can lead to a happier society by promoting fairness and enhancing economic stability. While it may not be necessary to eliminate the income gap entirely, ensuring that it remains relatively small can have significant benefits for social cohesion and economic health. Therefore, I believe that efforts to reduce income inequality should be a priority for governments and policymakers worldwide.

The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problem. What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing with? Give solutions to these problems.

    The rapid expansion of major cities around the globe is accompanied by a multitude of challenges, particularly for young inhabitants. This essay will explore the difficulties encountered by young people living in urban areas and propose viable solutions to mitigate these issues.

    Young people in cities encounter various challenges, foremost among them being the lack of affordable housing. As urban populations swell, demand for accommodation outstrips supply, leading to exorbitant rents and property prices. For instance, in cities like London or New York, young professionals often struggle to find affordable housing close to their workplaces, forcing them into long commutes or cramped living conditions.

    To alleviate the housing crisis and other urban challenges, proactive measures must be taken. One solution is the implementation of sustainable urban planning policies. By prioritizing mixed-use developments, efficient public transportation systems, and affordable housing initiatives, cities can create more inclusive environments for their youthful populations. For instance, cities like Copenhagen and Singapore have successfully integrated green spaces, affordable housing, and public amenities into their urban landscapes, enhancing the quality of life for residents across age groups.

    In conclusion, the rapid urbanization of major cities has given rise to numerous challenges for young inhabitants. However, by implementing targeted policies aimed at addressing housing affordability issues, governments can significantly improve the quality of life for urban youth. It is imperative to address these issues to ensure the well-being and prosperity of future generations.